Increased xylene additives are added to gasoline to increase the octane level. [1], Xylenes are produced by the methylation of toluene and benzene. These three chemicals are then used to make PET. Xylene, also called xylol, dimethyl benzene, Violet 3, and methyl toluene, is an isomer that can be found in three forms. Xylene’s powerful solvent properties are used in printing, rubber and leather processing. The chemical formula for xylene is C8H10, or more specifically (C6H4)(CH3)2. Xylene is used, to a lesser extent, as a material in the chemical, plastics, and synthetic fiber industries and as an ingredient in the coating of fabrics and papers. While there are proposed alternatives to xylene in tissue processing, it is still considered the best chemical for tissue processing and staining purposes. ZSM-5 is used to facilitate some isomerization reactions leading to mass production of modern plastics. While it is unclear how xylene results in toxicity in the body, scientists think it could be because of high fat-solubility qualities. The great attraction of PET is its versatility, its relative affordability, lack of shattering and its ability to be recycled. The boiling point for each isomer is around 140 °C (284 °F). lol n. 1. With the formula (CH3)2C6H4, each of the three compounds has a central benzene ring with two methyl groups attached at substituents. [20][clarification needed] A condition called chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy, commonly known as "organic solvent syndrome" has been associated with xylene exposure. For light microscopy, three techniques can be used: the paraffin technique, frozen sections, and semithin sections. Xylene, xylol or dimethylbenzene is any one of three isomers of dimethylbenzene, or a combination thereof. Learn more. Toluene is a good solvent that is commonly used in the production of paints. The xylene mixture is a slightly greasy, colorless liquid commonly encountered as a solvent. A mixture of xylene isomers used as a solvent in making lacquers and rubber cement and as an aviation fuel. Xylene in air can be smelled at concentrations as low as 0.08 to 3.7 ppm (parts of xylene per million parts of air) and can be tasted in water at 0.53 to 1.8 ppm. The continued versatility of paraxylene ensures its continued demand. Xylene is a liquid, and it can leak into soil, surface water (creeks, streams, rivers), or groundwater. gallon or 8.72 lb/imp gallon) and thus is less dense than water. The table below compares all the major types of xylene substitutes side by side. What is Xylene? Any ingestion by mouth should be taken very seriously as well by quickly obtaining medical aid. Dianne features science as well as writing topics on her website, jdiannedotson.com. It may seem odd, but solvents are chemical composites that are similar on ⦠Xylene consists of a benzene ring with two methyl (CH3) groups attached, and occurs in three isomeric forms. Xylene is a component of lubricants in motor oil, paints and paint thinners, polishes, waxes, antifreeze, sealants, adhesives, and even gasoline and cigarettes. Xylene is a colorless liquid and vapor. Any of three colorless flammable isomeric benzene derivatives, C8H10, obtained from wood and coal tar. Children are more greatly affected by xylene than adults, so extraordinary care must be taken to prevent their exposure. There are three main isomers of xylene, called ortho-xylene, meta-xylene and paraxylene. The level of exposure depends upon the dose, duration, and work being done. One of the chief paraxylene uses is in polymer synthesis. Xylene is a petroleum-based synthetic chemical that is colorless, flammable, and produces a sweet odor. Xylene. [2], Xylene was first isolated and named in 1850 by the French chemist Auguste Cahours (1813â1891), having been discovered as a constituent of wood tar. b) Also compute the air required if the operation is carried out in Qm= For example, when painting with lacquer, the wash of choice would be lacquer thinner. Xylene is a volatile organic hydrocarbon used across many industries including medicine, dentistry and plastics. Xylene is primarily used as a solvent (a liquid that can dissolve other substances), particularly in the printing, rubber and leather industries. [16] In histology, xylene is the most widely used clearing agent. Workers may be harmed from exposure to xylene. Alcohol, however, is not miscible with paraffin (something that is miscible can mix well with another substance). Breathing in xylene can cause dizziness, nausea, fainting, headache and even vomiting. Isomers of xylene are used in the manufacture of certain polymers (chemical compounds), such as plastics. Most xylene that is accidentally released evaporates into the air, although some is released into rivers or lakes. The major use of meta -xylene is in the production of isophthalic acid, which is used as a copolymerizing monomer to alter the properties of polyethylene terephthalate. Xylene. The principal mechanism of detoxification is oxidation to methylbenzoic acid and hydroxylation to hydroxylene. It is traditionally used in the leather, rubber, and paint industries, particularly as a solvent, a cleaning agent, and a paint thinner. This helps with slide staining so that features of the tissue are more easily viewed under a microscope. This smell can be detected in air concentrations as low as one part per million (PPM)! uses In chemical industry: Xylene Ortho -xylene is used mostly to produce phthalic anhydride, an important intermediate that leads principally to various coatings and plastics. Published 1 July 2014 Last updated 31 January 2019 â see all updates. [6], Xylenes form azeotropes with water and a variety of alcohols. However, prolonged exposure to xylene can be hazardous to the health of the user, and it is recommended to seek alternatives to avoid unsafe conditions. Small quantities occur in gasoline and aircraft fuels. The reason xylene works so well for tissue processing is that it makes tissues transparent so that paraffin can fully envelop the tissue. Thins Paints & Lacquers. [18], Hearing disorders have been also linked to xylene exposure, both from studies with experimental animals,[21][22] as well as clinical studies. Xylene occurs There are not many broad uses for p-xylene-2-sulfonic acid. [1][4] Commercial or laboratory-grade xylene produced usually contains about 40-65% of m-xylene and up to 20% each of o-xylene, p-xylene and ethylbenzene. However, toluene is considered as a toxic compound. For large scale use of this product: use non-sparking ventilation systems, approved explosion-proof equipment and intrinsically safe electrical systems in areas where this product is used and stored. Xylidine definition, any of six isomeric compounds that have the formula C8H11N, are derivatives of xylene, and resemble aniline: used in dye manufacture. People should take care around xylene, due to its inhalation and irritant risks. p -Xylene is used as a feedstock in the production of terephthalic acid, which is a monomer used in the production ofpolymers. Xylene can also cause headaches, dizziness, confusion, loss of muscle coordination, and in high doses, death. Because xylene is so efficient at removing fats, any contact with the skin will have the same effect. It is used as a solvent, in jet fuel, and in the manufacture of dyes, fibers, perfumes, and films. Several million tons are produced annually. It is also found in small proportions in gasoline and jet fuel. Xylene is primarily used as a solvent (a liquid that can dissolve other substances), particularly in the printing, rubber and leather industries. Paraxylene boasts a number of uses in the polymer industry. [23][24][25], Xylene is also a skin irritant and strips the skin of its oils, making it more permeable to other chemicals. While xylene serves many valuable uses across multiple industries, it comes with its own risks to those who work closely with this chemical compound. In this application, with a mixture of isomers, it is often referred to as xylenes or xylol. It is used as a solvent and emulsion breaker in workover operations to clean up reservoirs. Those who work regularly with xylene should be given routine medical examinations, and have body fluids monitored. In this case it is used as clearing agent. CDC Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Toxic Substances Portal: Xylenes, Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology: Xylene: An Overview of Its Health Hazards and Preventive Measures, Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology: Kerosene: Contributing Agent to Xylene as a Clearing Agent in Tissue Processing, Business Wire: Global Paraxylene Market 2017-2022: High Demand for Polyethylene Terephthalate – Research and Markets, MP Biomedicals, LLC: p-xylene-2-sulfonic Acid. Martindale, David C. and Kuchar, Paul J., "Recherches sur les huiles légéres obtenues dans la distillation du bois", Production of xylenes from light aliphatic hydrocarbons via dehydrocyclodimerization and methylation, "Xylene (Mixed Isomers), Air Toxic Hazard Summary)", "Xylene: An overview of its health hazards and preventive measures", Paraxylene-Orthoxylene | Prices, News & Market Analysis, Appendix I, Painting Conservation Catalog, "Auditory neuropathy in a patient exposed to xylene: case report", "HIPPURIC and METHYL HIPPURIC ACIDS in urine", "Measurement by gas chromatography of urinary hippuric acid and methylhippuric acid as indices of toluene and xylene exposure", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xylene&oldid=996198659, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2016, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Srpskohrvatski / ÑÑпÑÐºÐ¾Ñ ÑваÑÑки, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 25 December 2020, at 02:38.
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